Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS), 1996-1999

Investigators: Arthur Margolin, Herbert D. Kleber, S. Kelly Avants, Janet Konefal, Frank Gawin, Elena Stark, James Sorensen, Eleanor Midkiff, Elizabeth Wells, T. Ron Jackson, Milton Bullock, Patricia D. Culliton, Sharon Boles, & Roger Vaughan

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture as a treatment for cocaine addiction. The study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial that lasted 8 weeks. The Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS), was conducted between 1996 and 1999 at six community-based clinics (3 hospital-affiliated clinics, 3 methadone maintenance programs) in the U.S. Treatments were offered 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Drug counseling sessions were offered alongside treatment sessions for patients in each treatment group. Patients were assessed at a screening interview, an intake interview, at each of the 40 treatment sessions offered, at a post-treatment assessment, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

Community-based Directly Observed Therapy (C-DOT) Program

Investigators: Maribel Muñoz, RN, Karen Finnegan, MPH, Jhon Zeladita, RN, Adolfo Caldas, MSW, Eduardo Sanchez, MD, Miriam Callacna, RN, Christian Rojas, MD, Jorge Arevalo, MD, Jose Luis Sebastian, MD, Cesar Bonilla, MD, Jaime Bayona, MPH, MD, & Sonya Shin, MPH, MD

The C-DOT Program aims to increase adherence of individuals living with HIV beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The program includes 4-day training for DOT workers. After training, DOT workers provide support to participants for a total of 11 months. For eight months DOT workers monitor all HAART doses (and doses of other medications for indications other than HIV) in participants' homes while providing social, emotional, and informational support to participants and their families and reporting missed doses, adverse events, and psychosocial crises to nurses. During the last three months DOT workers visit participants less frequently to prepare the participant for self-administration. Supervisors act as an intermediary between participants and the medical organization, coordinating other aspects of participants. medical care. Nurses supervise C-DOT Program staff and monitor follow-up care of participants. The C-DOT Program was shown to increase adherence, suppress viral load, and be associated with better tuberculosis outcomes. Additionally, the program has been shown to improve stigma, social support, self-efficacy, and health service acquisition. The C-DOT Program was originally implemented throughout the community as DOT workers conducted home visits to participants and monitored medication doses in homes or other community locations. This program may also be applicable to clinic settings and feasible to implement in clinics or hospitals serving individuals living with HIV. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Computer-Assisted Motivational Interviewing (CAMI): Preventing Repeat Births Among Adolescent Mothers

Investigators: Beth Barnet, Jiexin Liu, Margo DeVoe, Anne K. Duggan, Melanie A. Gold, & Edward Pecukonis

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2010, more than 360,000 infants were born to women aged 15 to 19 years in the United States. Nearly one-quarter of adolescent mothers give birth to another child within two years, despite national efforts to increase timing between births. Adolescent mothers who give birth to more than one child may be at high risk for experiencing poorer medical, educational, economic, and developmental outcomes. The purpose of the Computer-Assisted Motivational Interviewing (CAMI) is to increase motivation among adolescent mothers to consistently use condoms and contraception with the long-term goal of reducing rapid repeat births. CAMI consists of at least two 60-minute sessions conducted in two-parts by trained counselors who meet one-on-one with pregnant and/or parenting adolescent mothers, ages 12 through 18 years old. During the first part of each session, participants use the computer-based CAMI Program to answer questions about current sexual relationships and contraceptive use intentions and behaviors. Based on the responses generated, CAMI counselors conduct a stage-matched motivational interviewing session to enhance participants' motivation to consistently use condoms and contraception in order to reduce the risk for a repeat pregnancy. An evaluation of CAMI has demonstrated that receiving two or more CAMI sessions, either alone or within a multi-component home-based intervention, reduced the risk of repeat births among adolescent mothers aged 18 years and younger. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Methadone: Chicago, 1978-1984

Investigators: Sydney L. Hans

This longitudinal study assessed the effects of prenatal methadone exposure on a cohort of children who were followed from birth to two years of age. The purpose of the study was to examine teratogenic effects of methadone as well as to determine how other non-teratogenic risk factors might be related to the behavior of drug-exposed children. The study was designed to replicate prior research and clinical observations which identified a variety of behaviors and medical conditions that might appear soon after birth for methadone-exposed infants. These included tremulousness, hypertonicity, irritability, incessant high-pitched crying, sleep disturbances, hyperactive reflexes, frantic but weak sucking, regurgitation, yawning, sneezing, nasal congestion, sweating, fever, and convulsions. These behaviors, termed neonatal narcotics abstinence syndrome, bore a close resemblance to withdrawal symptoms observed in adult narcotics addicts, and their presence during the neonatal period had usually been attributed to generalized hyperirritability of the central nervous system caused by withdrawal from opioid drugs following in utero exposure. However, methadone exposure often co-occurred with other factors such as perinatal complications, which might be affecting the neonatal behaviors assumed to be caused by withdrawal from opioids. The study comprised 42 infants delivered by 36 pregnant opioid-using women between the ages of 18 and 35 who were recruited at prenatal clinics at Chicago Lying-In Hospital between 1978 and 1982. All of the women were involved in low-dose methadone-maintenance programs for the treatment of chronic heroin addiction, and the majority occasionally used other drugs, most commonly alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, Valium, or Talwin. All of the women were black, came from low-income inner-city neighborhoods, and received good quality prenatal care. Infants' behavior was assessed at one day and at four weeks of age using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements (NBAS-K). The children were assessed again at 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Children's heights, weights, and head circumferences were measured at each of the assessments. The study assessed a total of 436 variables across 79 cases.

Consequences of the Adoption Decision Among Clients of the Options for Pregnancy Program in Washington and Northern Idaho, 1985

Investigators: Steven D. McLaughlin, Diane L. Manninen, and Linda D. Winges

Data were collected on a total of 269 pregnant adolescents--146 who chose to parent their children and 123 who chose to relinquish their children for adoption. This sample represents adolescent mothers served by a pregnancy counseling program affiliated with a large adoption agency in the Pacific Northwest. The major objective of the study was to compare the two groups with respect to subsequent educational attainment, marriage and fertility, labor force participation, income, and various social/psychological measures, such as satisfaction with their decision to parent or relinquish, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. The research was designed to serve two separate objectives. The first was to provide basic descriptive information necessary to answer the questions, "Do adolescent mothers who place their children for adoption experience more or less favorable outcomes than adolescent mothers who elect to parent their children?" and "In what respects do relinquishing adolescents fare better or worse than parenting adolescents?" To date, there is very little information regarding the subsequent experiences of adolescent mothers who elect to relinquish children for adoption. There are two primary reasons for this lack of information. First, relinquishment is an increasingly rare event; second, adoption has been traditionally a highly confidential process making it difficult or impossible to collect data from relinquishing mothers. The second objective of this research was to contribute to the literature on the consequences of adolescent fertility by drawing on the unique opportunity offered by this study to compare outcomes among adolescent mothers who share the experience of a live birth, but who differ in the relinquish versus parent decision. Since both groups of adolescents had a live birth but only one group parented the child, observed differences between the two groups can more confidently be attributed to the experience of caring for a child as an adolescent mother.

Contemporary American Family Poll, September 18-25, 1981

Investigators: Yankelovich, Skelly & White

The Contemporary American Family Poll was conducted by telephone during the week of September 18-25, 1981, by Yankelovich, Skelly, and White in order to assess attitudes regarding abortion and abortion-related issues throughout the continental U.S. Life magazine sponsored the survey. Respondents (all female) were asked about their personal perspectives regarding the legitimacy or non-legitimacy of abortion under differing circumstances, the social mores of the country, and the importance of the political process or agencies in regard to the abortion issue. Information on various socioeconomic, demographic, religious, and marital status characteristics of the respondent was also collected. The questionnaire was designed such that general questions regarding abortion preceded questions addressing any personal experiences. The Yankelovich studies are conducted periodically on a variety of topics of contemporary interest, the questionnaire format being identical (general to specific). A related DAAPPP data set (Yankelovich Life Polls, 1986, DAAPPP Data Set B3), measures attitudes and perceptions of sex education with particular emphasis on what should be discussed and at what age.

Contemporary Views on Sex Education, November 10-12, 1986

Investigators: Yankelovich, Clancy & Shulman

The Contemporary Views on Sex Education, Nov. 10-12, 1986, study was conducted by telephone during the week of November 10-12, 1986, by Yankelovich, Clancy, and Shulman in order to assess attitudes regarding sex education and related issues throughout the continental U.S. Time magazine sponsored the survey. Respondents were asked about their personal perspectives regarding the importance and ramifications of both home and school sex education for children of various ages. Information on various socioeconomic, demographic, religious, and marital status characteristics of each respondent was also collected. The questionnaire was designed such that questions regarding sex education on a general level preceded questions addressing any personal experience with children on the same issues. The Yankelovich studies are conducted periodically on a variety of topics of contemporary interest, the questionnaire format being identical (general to specific). A related DAAPPP data set (Yankelovich Life Polls, 1981, DAAPPP Data Set B2), measures attitudes and experiences regarding abortion and abortion-related issues.

Counties, 1970-1995

Investigators: U.S. Counties, 1996, Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Alan Guttmacher Institute, & National Center for Education Statistics

The primary political divisions of most States are termed "counties." In Louisiana, these divisions are known as "parishes." In Alaska, the equivalent areas are of two types: 1) the organized "boroughs" and 2) the "census areas" that were developed for general statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. Four States—Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia—have one or more incorporated places that are legally independent of any county and thus constitute primary divisions (county equivalents) of their States. Similarly, the portion of Yellowstone National Park in Montana is treated as a county equivalent. The District of Columbia has no primary divisions; the entire area is considered equivalent to a county for census purposes. This data set includes socio-economic and demographic data for all counties in the US and has 4,535 variables for 3,142 cases.

Current Population Surveys: Annual Demographic Survey (also known as March Supplement)

Investigators: United States Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics

The Current Population Surveys (CPS), sponsored jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is the nationís primary source of labor force statistics for the entire population. The CPS is the source of numerous high-profile economic statistics including the Nationís unemployment rate and provides data on the wide range of issues relating to employment and earnings. The CPS is a multistage probability sample of housing units in the United States. It produces monthly labor force and related estimates for the total U.S, civilian noninstitutional population and for various age, sex, race, and ethnic groups. The Annual Demographic Survey (ADS), also known as the March Supplement collects data on family characteristics, household composition, marital status, migration, income from all sources, information on weeks worked, time spent looking for work or on layoff from a job, occupation and industry classification of the job held longest during the year, health insurance coverage and receipt of noncash benefits. The ADS sample consists of the March CPS sample and November CPS households containing at least one person of Hispanic origin. The 2001 Annual Demographic Survey consists of 143 variables and 64,362 cases in the household data, 75 variables and 56,480 cases in the family data, and 466 variables and 128,821 cases in the person data.

Cuyahoga County, Ohio Familial Communication and Adolescent Sexual Behavior Project, 1983

Investigators: Janet R. Kahn

This study examines the extent of parent-child communication about sexuality and the relative importance of that communication to the child's sexual behavior and attitudes at adolescence. In 1976, the Project on Human Sexual Development (PHSD) conducted a major study on family life and sexual learning, involving personal interviews with over 1,400 parents of young children in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The present study is a continuation of that work. Three hundred twenty-six (326) adolescent children aged 12-18 were interviewed. The adolescent respondents were drawn from two subsamples: (1) PHSD families; and (2) a supplemental sample of families living in the same areas in 1983 that did not participate in the PHSD. Parents of participating adolescents were asked to complete questionnaires providing updates on their perspectives; 71% of mothers and 56% of fathers did so. The project had four essential purposes: (1) to add to the descriptive information gathered earlier on the timing and content of parent-child communication about sexuality; (2) to create a model of factors associated with successful parent-child communication about sexuality; (3) to develop a second model examining the role of this communication and other factors in influencing adolescents' sexual behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and (4) to look at parents' use and need for assistance in their roles as sex educators of their children to provide information that can be used by those organizations seeking to help families with this important aspect of life. The teenagers were asked to respond to a variety of questions including family composition, educational background and aspirations, family closeness, religiosity, friendship networks, discussions with parents, sexual knowledge, sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to intercourse, reactions to sexuality, histories of intercourse patterns and birth control usage. Parents were asked to provide information on socioeconommic status, changes in family composition, marital status and employment, discussions of sexual topics, parental values, sex role attitudes, and sources of sex education assistance. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.