Second Longitudinal Study of Aging: Baseline (Second Supplement on Aging, 1994-1996), and Wave 2 Survivor and Decedent Files, 1994-1998

Investigators: National Center for Health Statistics

The Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA II) is a collaborative effort of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Conducted ten years after the original LSOA, it is a prospective study with a nationally representative sample comprised of 9,447 civilian non-institutionalized persons 70 years of age and over in 1995. The specific aims of the study include: To provide a replication of the first SOA in order to determine whether there have been changes in the disability and impairment process among older persons between the 1980's and 1990's; To provide information on the sequence and consequences of health events, including utilization of health care and services for assisted community living, on the physiological consequences of disability such as pain and fatigue, on social consequences such as changes in social activities, living arrangements, social support, and use of community services, and on the deployment of assisted living strategies and accessibility of technological and environmental adaptations; To provide information on the causes and correlates of changes in health and functioning of older Americans, including social and demographic characteristics, preexisting and emerging physical illnesses, cognitive and emotional status, and social and environmental support; and To provide information on individual health risks and behaviors in the elderly including alcohol and cigarette use, use of hormone replacement therapy, receipt of important health screenings such as mammography and prostate exams, body mass and weight loss, physical activity, and diet and nutrition. The Second Supplement on Aging (SOA II), conducted as a supplement to the 1994 National Health Institute Survey (NHIS), served as the baseline for the LSOA II. Follow-up interviews were conducted in 1997–98 (Wave 2) and 1999–2000 (Wave 3). The baseline interview was administered face-to-face in the home by U.S. Census Bureau interviewers. The Wave 2 and Wave 3 follow-up interviews were administered using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI) by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The interview data may be augmented by linkage to Medicare records, the National Death Index, and multiple cause-of-death records.

Second U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Selected Variables, 1976-1980

Investigators: National Center for Health Statistics

The second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) is one of a series of related programs carried out over the past 20 years by the U. S. National Center for Health Statistics. The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, DAAPPP data set 19) was designed as a national probability study involving approximately 30,000 individuals and was carried out between 1971 and 1975. Even before the completion of NHANES I, plans were underway for the second survey. A major consideration in the design of the NHANES II was that content and procedures should permit comparison with NHANES I data. The experience gained in the NHANES I program, however, made possible certain modifications in NHANES II in order to make the data obtained more useful. For example, NHANES I revealed anemia to be a significant health problem in the U.S., and anemia was investigated in more detail in NHANES II. Additional variables were also included in the study after extensive consultation with numerous other Federal agencies and departments. The survey included two main components: (1) household and medical history questionnaires, and (2) medical examinations. The questionnaires were designed to obtain basic demographic data, information on participation in food programs, and data on each individual's general medical history. The medical examination included dental, dermatological, and ophthalmological examinations; body measurements; biochemical tests; a supplementary medical history questionnaire; and dietary interviews. Like the NHANES I file, the NHANES II DAAPPP file contains information on demographic background characteristics; participation in school lunch, milk, and breakfast programs; birth weight and condition; medical history; and medical examination results, including indices of nutritional status, body build, and bone structure. The DAAPPP HANES II file contains data only for children aged 6 months to 11 years. Because data on the age of the child's mother is included, this is an excellent data set for examining the health consequences for children of teen-aged mothers.

Sexual Health and Adolescent Risk Prevention (SHARP)

Investigators: Angela D. Bryan, PhD, Sarah J. Schmiege, PhD, & Michelle R. Broaddus, PhD

Adolescents in general are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Even higher rates of STIs have been observed among youth involved with the criminal justice system. Typically, these adolescents are younger at first intercourse, have a higher number of sexual partners, and report lower rates of condom use than their peers. Despite the fact that these adolescents are at greater risk for HIV/STIs, few prevention interventions have been developed for them. In addition, few interventions for adolescents target both substance use and sexual risk reduction. SEXUAL HEALTH AND ADOLESCENT RISK PREVENTION (SHARP) aims to fill these gaps. SHARP is an intensive, interactive single-session (divided into five sections) intervention lasting 3-4 hours that incorporates videos, lecture, group discussion and activities. The groups are organized by gender, either all male or all female, with no more than 10 per session (but on average, the ideal number per session is between 3-5 participants per session). Overall SHARP program goals are to deepen STI/HIV knowledge, improve correct condom use, reduce sexual risks and alcohol use and set long-term goals to utilize knowledge and skills learned during the session. SHARP was evaluated using a randomized controlled trial with three group-based conditions. These three conditions were HIV information only (control group); SHARP program (intervention group) and SHARP + motivational enhancement therapy (enhanced intervention group). The study was conducted over a 12 month period, with data collected in 5 waves (baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). The enhanced intervention condition (SHARP + Motivational Enhancement Therapy) was statistically different and more significant than the control condition (HIV Information only). Any decrease in alcohol problems over time was statistically significant in the SHARP condition and the SHARP + Motivational Enhancement Therapy, when compared to HIV Information only. SHARP is supported by the Office of Adolescent Health (OAH)'s Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) program as an EBI that is medically accurate, age appropriate, and has proven through rigorous evaluation to prevent teen pregnancy and/or associated sexual risk behaviors. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Short-term Consequences of the Decision to Parent or Relinquish among Adolescent Mothers, 1993

Investigators: Linda D. Winges, Diane L. Manninen, and D. H. Klepinger

This study examines the consequences for adolescent birthmothers of their decision to either parent their child or to place their child for adoption. The consequences examined are their subsequent household composition and income, marriage and fertility rates, educational attainment, employment status, and social/psychological well-being. The adolescent birthmothers, 134 who chose to relinquish and 253 who chose to parent, are clients from a pregnancy counseling agency in Washington State. Background information about the clients was collected by the counselor at the time of pregnancy counseling. The clients were then surveyed by mail questionnaires at 6, 14, and 26 months after the birth of their first child.

SiHLE: Health Workshops for Young Black Women

Investigators: Ralph DiClemente, Gina Wingood, Kathy Harrington, Delia Lang, Susan Davies, Edward Hook III, M. Kim Oh, Richard Crosby, Vicki Stover Hertzberg, Angelita Gordon, James Hardin, Shan Parker, & Alyssa Robillard

SiHLE (Sistas, Informing, Healing, Living, Empowering) was developed to address the STI/HIV/AIDS prevention needs of African-American adolescent girls. Research has shown that this subgroup of the general population is at higher risk than their White or Hispanic peers. SiHLE was originally implemented in the South, where adolescent HIV prevalence was higher than any other geographic region in the U.S. Participants were girls seeking health services at community health agencies. Eliglible participants were African American between the ages of 14 and 18 who had engaged in vaginal intercourse within the previous six months. At baseline, 522 girls, aged 14-18, completed the baseline survey and were randomized into either the HIV-prevention intervention (n=251) or the general health control group (n=271). The HIV-prevention intervention was grounded in social cognitive theory and the theory of gender and power. Participants explored issues related to ethnic and gender pride, risk reduction strategies (including correct and consistent condom use), negotiating safer sex, and healthy relationships as they relate to practicing safer sex. At the six-month follow-up, intervention girls reported using condoms more consistently in the previous 30 days than did their control group counterparts (intervention, 75.3% vs. control, 58.2%). At the 12-month follow-up, intervention girls reported more consistent condom use both in the previous 30 days (intervention, 73.3% vs. control, 56.5%) and during the entire 12-month review period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.51-3.5; Phere to view more detailed information on this program.

Sniffer

Investigators: Don C. Des Jarlais, Cathy Casriel, Ray Rodriguez, Andrew Rosenblum, Samuel Friedman, Bruce Stepherson & Elizabeth Khuri

Sniffer is designed to prevent intranasal heroin users from making the transition to injection drug use, and to prevent those who have used injection drugs in the past from returning to that mode of use. Participants attend four 90-120 minute sessions in which didactic materials, group discussions, and situational role play scenarios are employed to communicate information about AIDS, drug use, sexual risk behavior, and drug abuse treatment options. The intervention also seeks to reduce non-injection use of illicit drugs, but advocates harm reduction practices and treatment rather than condemning the behavior of group members who use illicit non-injection drugs. The program's effectiveness was evaluated in a study of 104 intranasal drug users in New York City, each of whom had injected heroin less than 60 times in the previous two years and was HIV and/or hepatitis B negative. Participants were recruited and assigned to test and control groups. All subjects received information about AIDS prior to enrollment. Follow-up interviews at roughly nine months after enrollment collected information about drug use and sexual behavior as well as attitudes towards AIDS. Participation in the intervention was associated with a significantly lower probability of self-reported injection drug use and increased condom use during the follow-up period. (Des Jarlais, Casriel, Friedman and Rosenblum, 1995; Casriel et al., 1990). Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Social Influences on the Sexual Behavior of Youth at Risk for HIV Exposure, 1992

Investigators: Daniel Romer

The study Social Influences on the Sexual Behavior of Youth at Risk for HIV Exposure: 1992 was conducted to aid in the design of HIV prevention-related interventions in poor urban minority communities. A computerized personal interview was administered to 300 African-American children aged 9-15 living in six public housing developments in a large U.S. city. The interview elicited information on several themes including: social support, parental supervision, perceived risk exposure, and self-reported behavior and feeling. This data set includes information on 94 variables from a sample of 300 respondents. Interviews were conducted during March through May of 1992.

Stanford Child Custody Study: Family, 1984-1990

Investigators: Eleanor E. Maccoby, Robert H. Mnookin, and Charlene E. Depner

The Stanford Child Custody Study (Study I) is a three wave, longitudinal study of post-separation child custody arrangements in a sample of 1,124 families who filed for divorce in two California counties. All parents filed for divorce in either San Mateo or Santa Clara Counties between September 1984 and April 1985, and all had at least one child under the age of 16 at the outset of the study. Three separate telephone interviews were conducted with parents over a three-year period. Additional information was drawn from court records to determine the sequence of legal events and their relationship to the day-to-day lives of families. The study's longitudinal design serves to clarify several basic processes associated with divorce, including: 1) the evolution and maintenance of residence and visitation arrangements; 2) the legal process leading to settlement; 3) the degree of conflict and cooperation between divorced parents; 4) disengagement or continued involvement of the non-custodial parent; 5) compliance with legal and informal agreements; 6) family reorganization; and 7) remarriage. The Stanford Child Custody Study focuses on four central areas of inquiry: Gender role differentiation. How are parental responsibilities, in fact, divided after divorce? By what processes are arrangements arrived at, and how similar are mothers and fathers in their post-separation parental roles? Legal conflict. How much legal conflict is involved in the resolution of issues about custody, visitation, and financial support? Where there is conflict, how is it resolved? Contact: maintenance and change. As time passes, how viable do the different arrangements for custody and visitation prove to be? Do arrangements that seemed to fit the family circumstances at the time of parental separation become obsolete as family circumstances change? How flexibly can families adapt their arrangements to such changes?; and Co-parenting relationships. How commonly are divorced parents able to cooperate in regard to the daily lives of the children? When parents remain involved with the children, how frequently are the co- parental relationships instead characterized by conflict, in which the parents fight, or by disengagement, in which they avoid conflict by not communicating?

State Economic Areas, 1970, 1980

Investigators: National Opinion Research Center

A state economic area (SEA) is a group of counties within a state, defined by topographic and economic similarities. It is a subdivision of an economic sub-region and a possible "economic area," with the advantage of being geographically comprehensive. This dataset includes socio-economic and demographic data for all state economic areas in the US. The first data file consists of data from the 1970 Census, and has 216 variables for 510 cases. The second data file covers data from the 1980 Census, and includes 229 variables for 511 cases.

State Policy Determinants of Teenage Childbearing, 1979

Investigators: Kristin A. Moore

This study was designed to identify and catalog state governmental policies that affect the teenage mother and to describe how those policies may influence teenage childbearing. The policies examined included: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), prenatal care programs, Medicaid, food stamps, family planning services, age of consent laws, abortion services, and alternatives to childbearing. The outcomes of interest included teenage marriage, pregnancy, childbearing, and abortion rates. Two sets of analyses were carried out in the original study, one focusing on the individual teenage female as the unit of analysis, and the other focusing on the incidence of teenage childbearing within each state or SMSA as a whole. However, only the state-level data are included in the file. The sample thus consists of each of the 50 states plus the District of Columbia and the U.S. as a whole.Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.