Honoring Ancient Wisdom and Knowledge: Prevention and Cessation (HAWK)

Investigators: Shobana Raghupathy, April Lea Go Forth

American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/ANs) have some of the highest rates of substance use compared to other ethnic groups. The problem is particularly acute among Indian youth in reservations and remote rural areas and has been attributed to factors such as poverty, low cost and easy availability. The HAWK2 intervention is a multimedia, computer-based drug prevention program for Native youth in upper elementary and middle schools. The intervention uses engaging features such as games, animations, and video clips to impart substance abuse prevention knowledge and skills training. The development of this intervention was a collaborative process involving the participation of community experts, research scientists, school teachers and practitioners as well as Native youth. The intervention was sponsored by the National Institute of Drug Abuse. HAWK2 consists of seven lessons of 25-30 minutes each, with a total exposure time of 3.5 hours. Teachers have the flexibility to integrate the lessons into an existing health curriculum or to implement them as separate units over several weeks. Each session includes video segments that demonstrated refusal skills, conflict resolution, negotiation skills, coping skills, assertive communication, and relaxation techniques. Problem solving exercises allow participants to walk through different scenarios, identify problems, consider alternative responses, practice behavioral responses, and solve problems. Animations were used to convey Native American tales and legends that illustrate the positive impact of empowerment. Interactive quizzes, polls, and learning exercises were developed to reinforce prevention program content during and at the end of each lesson. The program is distributed on USB drive. A student (or a group of students) can view the program content on any computer and can self-administer the intervention. To run the program you will need computer with a USB drive and Speakers or Headphones (for privacy).

Human Sexuality - Values & Choices: A Values-Based Curriculum for 7th and 8th Grades

Investigators: Search Institute

Developed for use in 7th and 8th grade classrooms, this program aims to reduce teenage pregnancy by promoting seven core values that support sexual abstinence and healthy social relationships: equality, self-control, promise-keeping, responsibility, respect, honesty, and social justice. The curriculum including 15 student lessons and 3 adult-only sessions is distinguished by: 1) an emphasis on parent-child communication; and 2) the use of a standardized, video-assisted format. Participants gain mastery through role plays, group discussions, and behavioral skills exercises. Following a field test in nine schools, program participants showed a greater understanding of the risks associated with early sexual involvement, and they expressed increased support for postponing sexual activity, as compared to a control group of their peers. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Impact Evaluation of Teen Outreach, 1984-1989

Investigators: Association of Jr. Leagues International

Teen Outreach began in 1978 as a collaborative effort between the Danforth Foundation and the St. Louis Public Schools. Its original goal was to prevent early pregnancy and to keep teens in school. In 1981, the Junior League of St. Louis assumed a major role in promoting and funding the Teen Outreach program. The Stewart Mott Foundation funded a 3-year national replication in 1983; and by 1987, a second 3-year national replication effort began under the direction of the Association of Junior Leagues International, in cooperation with the American Association of School Administrators. The number of Teen Outreach sites has increased from 9 in the 1984-85 school year to 60 in 1988-89 throughout the U.S. and Canada. The program uses a combination of small group discussion strategies and provides volunteer service in the community for its participants. Although the curriculum and volunteer service are the core components of the program and are shared by all sites, variations within these two components exist. Emphasis in curriculum topics differ between sites; some sites offer Teen Outreach as an after school activity while others offer it during school hours; some sites offer school credit for participation while others do not; and the number of classroom hours or volunteer hours are not necessarily the same between sites. The minimum standards at Teen Outreach sites are that students should meet for 1 hour per week for a year and that each student should perform a minimum of 1 hour per week of volunteer work.

Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills HIV Prevention Program (IMB)

Investigators: Jeffrey Fisher, William A. Fisher, Stephen J. Misovich, & Angela D. Bryan

The goal of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills HIV Prevention Program (IMB Program) is to reduce high school students' risk of HIV infection. Program objectives include positively influencing students' HIV prevention knowledge, attitudes and norms, increasing students' levels of HIV prevention behavioral skills, and increasing students' levels of HIV preventive behavior. The intervention involves a four-session classroom component to be conducted by trained high school teachers. The IMB Program is based on the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior change, which assumes that information, motivation and behavioral skills are the fundamental determinants of HIV preventive behavior. An evaluation of the curriculum offered in three intervention formats (classroom-based only, peer-based only, and combination classroom and peer-based delivery) was conducted by the Center for Health/HIV Intervention and Prevention in 1999. Participants were 1,577 students in four inner-city high schools in Connecticut (61% African-American, 28% Hispanic-American, 11% Caucasian, mixed or "other.") The classroom-based HIV prevention education component effectively promoted risk reduction behavior change in these urban high school settings at one year post-intervention. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Intergenerational Panel Study of Parents and Children (A Detroit Area Study), 1962-1993

Investigators: Thorton, Freedman, Axinn

The purpose and goals of the study have evolved over the life of the project. The original study was launched in 1962 as a prospective study of childbearing. The original interviews collected a wide range of information useful for predicting subsequent childbearing decisions, while the follow-up data collections through 1966 measured subsequent fertility experience. In 1977, the purposes of the study were expanded to investigate employment, divorce, and changing family attitudes while at the same time retaining the earlier emphasis on childbearing decisions. In 1980, the study shifted its emphasis to include the children in the family and how they were influenced by the homes in which they were reared. The project became interested in the ways in which the parental family influenced the attitudes, values, experiences, and plans of the children. Of particular interest were the children's attitudes and experiences in the domains of marriage, childbearing, school, work, living arrangements, and family relationships. The 1980 wave of interviews with the children was also designed to be the first wave of a prospective study of the determinants of variations in the ways children made the transition to adulthood. The 1985 survey used a life history calendar (LHC) to obtain from the young adults retrospective data about their monthly living arrangements, cohabitation, marriage, childbearing, schooling, and work. In 1993, the data were extended to cover the experiences of the children and their families as the children matured into their early thirties. A life history calendar was again used.

Johns Hopkins Study of Repeat Adolescent Pregnancy, 1976-1982

Investigators: Janet B. Hardy

The purpose of this study was to obtain demographic, contraceptive, pregnancy, and pregnancy-resolution information on 725 teenage girls aged 18 years or younger who were enrolled in the postnatal follow-up component of the Johns Hopkins Adolescent Pregnancy Program during the years of 1976 to 1982. Since in many cases pregnancy data were obtained retrospectively, the actual years during which deliveries are recorded span the period of 1970 to 1982. Demographic information on the father of the baby was also obtained. Hopkins could accept about 300 of the 600 to 1700 pregnant adolescents each year, and the youngest and most at risk tended to be enrolled. Their average age was 15 years, 3 months and their average school placement, 10th grade. The majority of patients were African American. Some time after the Teenage Clinic started, a logbook was initiated in an effort follow up on teenagers enrolled in the program. For each registrant, the logbook contained information on the mother's name and medical history number, and the baby's name and medical history number. To this logbook was added information on the mother's delivery, if available; this information was obtained from the Hopkins Department of Obstetrics files. In 1977, a social worker joined the Teeange Clinic staff and began conducting intake interviews with the program's participants. These interviews generally were conducted at the time of the mother's first postnatal visit or on a subsequent follow-up visit. This first postnatal visit did not necesarily represent the first delivery or pregnancy the mother had had. Consequently, information was collected on the most recent pregnancy, as well as on previous pregnancies, when applicable. This data base contains information for up to the fourth repeat pregnancy.

Keepin' It R.E.A.L.! A Mother-Adolescent HIV Prevention Program

Investigators: Colleen DiIorio, Frances McCarty, Dongqing Terry Wang, Pamela Denzmore, Ken Resnicow, Anindya K. De, William N. Dudley, PhD

The KEEPIN. IT R.E.A.L.! (Responsible, Empowered, Aware, Living) evaluation tested the effectiveness of two HIV prevention interventions designed for mothers and their adolescents, as compared to a control group. Sites were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: the Social-Cognitive program (SCT--four sites, the focus of this replication kit); another program not included in this kit; or the control condition (four sites). The SCT program was designed to delay initiation of sexual intercourse for those adolescents who were not yet sexually active, and to increase condom use among sexually active participants. SCT involved seven 2-hour meetings conducted over 14 weeks. Participating adolescents (N = 582) were between the ages of 11 and 14 years, mostly male (60%), and African American (97.7%). The number of participating mothers was 470; 110 mothers had more than one adolescent in the study. Assessments were conducted at baseline, and at 4, 12 and 24 months after baseline. At the 24-month assessment, a higher percent of sexually active participants in the SCT groups reported condom use at last sex compared to their control group peers (96% and 85%, respectively), condom use intentions (100% and 94%, respectively), and cessation of sexual activity until they were older (43% and 24%, respectively). For the mothers, their levels of self-efficacy and comfort for talking with their adolescents about sex increased over time. Both mothers and adolescents demonstrated an increase in HIV knowledge. Click here to view more detailed information on this program.

Madison, Wisconsin Study of Premarital Sexuality Among Young People: Nonstudents, 1973

Investigators: John DeLamater

This is the identical survey described in DAAPPP Data Set No. 56, only conducted with a non-student population. The sample was designed to consist of persons between the ages of 18 and 23 who resided in Madison, Wisconsin but were not students at the University. The sample was obtained by calling a systematic probability sample of residences in the telephone directory. Of the 1,134 eligible persons, 663 completed interviews. With the exclusion of married couples, the total sample consisted of 220 nonstudent males and 293 nonstudent females. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Madison, Wisconsin Study of Premarital Sexuality Among Young People: Students, 1973

Investigators: John DeLamater

The focus of this study is on the social aspects of premarital sexuality, sociopsychological characteristics, current sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge and use among young people. Information on personal and family characteristics, sexual experience, peer group influence, and self-image was also collected. Interviews for the study were conducted with a stratified sample of undergraduates, consisting of 432 male students and 431 female students (see DAAPPP Data Set No. 57 for the corresponding non-student sample). The response rate for the study was 82%; married students were excluded from the survey. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 1996

Investigators: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

The 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is a nationally representative panel survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey was designed to provide nationally representative estimates of health care use, expenditures, sources of payments, and insurance coverage for this population. Begun in 1996, MEPS is an ongoing survey, administered to a new panel each year. MEPS comprises four component surveys: the Household Component, the Medical Provider Component, the Insurance Component, and the Nursing Home Component. The Household Component is the core survey and the 1996 Household Component yields comprehensive data that provide national estimates of the level and distribution of health care use and expenditures for calendar year 1996. The Household Component survey collects detailed data on demographic characteristics, health conditions, health status, use of medical care services, charges and payments, access to care, satisfaction with care, health insurance coverage, income, and employment. MEPS is valuable in its ability to link medical expenditures and health insurance data to survey respondents' demographic, employment, economic, health status, utilization of health services, and other characteristics.