Cities, 1990

Investigators: Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census

The term "city" in the CDA refers to incorporated places with a 1990 population of 25,000 or more. Incorporated places in this data set are those reported to the Census Bureau as legally in existence on January 1, 1990, under the laws of their respective states as cities, boroughs, towns, and villages. This dataset includes socio-economic and demographic data for all cities in the US. I1 has 207 variables for 1,083 cities.

Cities, 2000

Investigators: Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census

The term "city" in the CDA refers to incorporated places with a 2000 population of 25,000 or more. Incorporated places in this data set are those reported to the Census Bureau as legally in existence on January 1, 2000, under the laws of their respective states as cities, boroughs, towns, and villages.Data set I2 draws its data from the County and City Data Book, 2000, and covers the following topics: age, crime, education, families and households, housing, industry, labor force, population, race, state and local government, and transportation.This dataset includes socio-economic and demographic data for all cities in the US and includes 147 variables for 951 cities.

Clients of the Certified Nurse Midwifery Program of Maternal and Family Health Services in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 1982-1986

Investigators: Charles LaJeunesse, Mary Louise Schaefer, and Connie McNunis

The AFL Demonstration Program was enacted to provide local communities and institutions with workable models of prevention programs that discourage premarital adolescent sexual relations and care programs that reduce the negative consequences of adolescent pregnancy. To develop these models, AFL authorized grants for three types of demonstrations: (1) projects which provide "care services" only (i.e., services for the provision of comprehensive services to pregnant adolescents, adolescent parents, and their families); (2) projects which provide "prevention services" only (i.e., services to promote abstinence from adolescent premarital sexual relations); and (3) projects which provide a combination of care and prevention services. The demonstration projects were multi-year projects (3 to 5 years), renewable annually. As of March 1988, 97 demonstration projects had been funded. Each demonstration project has an internal evaluation component designed to test hypotheses specific to that project's service delivery model. Projects were evaluated by an independent evaluator contracted by each grantee. Evaluators were usually affiliated with a college or university in the grantee's state. Data Set B9 was collected as an evaluation of the Certified Nursing Midwifery (CNM) Program of the Maternal & Family Health Services, Inc., in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The project began in October 1982 with Adolescent Family Life care program funding. The project provides care services to a predominantly white population of pregnant and parenting adolescents. In this evaluation, the hospital-based outpatient care program with a Health Visitor component is compared with the hospital-based project clinic operation before the Health Visitor component was given a major role. The evaluation focuses on teen pregnancy outcomes and postnatal care. The data cover clients registered from April 1982 through May 1986 and have been divided into two periods. The pre-treatment, or comparison group, covers April 1982 through August 1983; the treatment, or study group, covers February 1984 through May 1986. In the comparison group, the role of the Health Visitor was minimal; usually the Health Visitor became involved only after the birth of the child. In the study group, the Health Visitor became involved early on in the pregnancy and had a much more comprehensive role. The project offers pregnancy testing, prenatal and postpartum health care, nutritional and social services counseling, as well as the Health Visitor program. Although services are provided to male partners and family members as well, the data contain information only regarding the pregnant or parenting female adolescent. The surveys included questions on respondent demographic characteristics, pregnancy and childbirth history, contraceptive methods and behaviors, medical complications, pregnancy risk factors, delivery complications, and program involvement at different follow-up periods. The actual intervention of the program is as follows. All new clients are given a pamphlet on adoption at their first prenatal visit (see Appendix D). The pamphlet was developed by the project to introduce adolescents to adoption and to invite their exploration of this option. A Health Visitor provided support and counseling through the baby's first birthday. The Health Visitor contacts included clinic and hospital visits, telephone calls, family planning and well-baby visits, and home visits. In the comparison group, the Health Visitor was to have contact with the client at least four times--in the hospital directly after delivery, 4 weeks after delivery, 6 months after delivery, and 12 months after delivery. In the study group, Health Visitors were to become involved with pregnant adolescents early in the pregnancy. The Health Visitor had contact with the client at her first visit to the clinic, when she was 5 months pregnant, at delivery, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery, as well as at any time the pregnant or parenting adolescent was in need of the Health Visitor's services. The role of Health Visitors is to encourage and assist young parents to remain in or return to school; make use of family planning methods; enroll in vocational classes or a job training program; learn about baby care, budgeting, and meal preparation; and secure housing, WIC, and financial assistance. By establishing a solid bond with the client prior to delivery, the Health Visitor lays the foundation for an ongoing relationship. An advisory committee, consisting in part of pregnant and parenting adolescents and their family members, meets regularly to provide feedback to the project on its services. As a result of the committee's recommendations, the project added parenting classes, which grandparents and fathers were also invited to attend, to its services.

Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS), 1996-1999

Investigators: Arthur Margolin, Herbert D. Kleber, S. Kelly Avants, Janet Konefal, Frank Gawin, Elena Stark, James Sorensen, Eleanor Midkiff, Elizabeth Wells, T. Ron Jackson, Milton Bullock, Patricia D. Culliton, Sharon Boles, & Roger Vaughan

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture as a treatment for cocaine addiction. The study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial that lasted 8 weeks. The Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS), was conducted between 1996 and 1999 at six community-based clinics (3 hospital-affiliated clinics, 3 methadone maintenance programs) in the U.S. Treatments were offered 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Drug counseling sessions were offered alongside treatment sessions for patients in each treatment group. Patients were assessed at a screening interview, an intake interview, at each of the 40 treatment sessions offered, at a post-treatment assessment, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Methadone: Chicago, 1978-1984

Investigators: Sydney L. Hans

This longitudinal study assessed the effects of prenatal methadone exposure on a cohort of children who were followed from birth to two years of age. The purpose of the study was to examine teratogenic effects of methadone as well as to determine how other non-teratogenic risk factors might be related to the behavior of drug-exposed children. The study was designed to replicate prior research and clinical observations which identified a variety of behaviors and medical conditions that might appear soon after birth for methadone-exposed infants. These included tremulousness, hypertonicity, irritability, incessant high-pitched crying, sleep disturbances, hyperactive reflexes, frantic but weak sucking, regurgitation, yawning, sneezing, nasal congestion, sweating, fever, and convulsions. These behaviors, termed neonatal narcotics abstinence syndrome, bore a close resemblance to withdrawal symptoms observed in adult narcotics addicts, and their presence during the neonatal period had usually been attributed to generalized hyperirritability of the central nervous system caused by withdrawal from opioid drugs following in utero exposure. However, methadone exposure often co-occurred with other factors such as perinatal complications, which might be affecting the neonatal behaviors assumed to be caused by withdrawal from opioids. The study comprised 42 infants delivered by 36 pregnant opioid-using women between the ages of 18 and 35 who were recruited at prenatal clinics at Chicago Lying-In Hospital between 1978 and 1982. All of the women were involved in low-dose methadone-maintenance programs for the treatment of chronic heroin addiction, and the majority occasionally used other drugs, most commonly alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, Valium, or Talwin. All of the women were black, came from low-income inner-city neighborhoods, and received good quality prenatal care. Infants' behavior was assessed at one day and at four weeks of age using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements (NBAS-K). The children were assessed again at 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Children's heights, weights, and head circumferences were measured at each of the assessments. The study assessed a total of 436 variables across 79 cases.

Consequences of the Adoption Decision Among Clients of the Options for Pregnancy Program in Washington and Northern Idaho, 1985

Investigators: Steven D. McLaughlin, Diane L. Manninen, and Linda D. Winges

Data were collected on a total of 269 pregnant adolescents--146 who chose to parent their children and 123 who chose to relinquish their children for adoption. This sample represents adolescent mothers served by a pregnancy counseling program affiliated with a large adoption agency in the Pacific Northwest. The major objective of the study was to compare the two groups with respect to subsequent educational attainment, marriage and fertility, labor force participation, income, and various social/psychological measures, such as satisfaction with their decision to parent or relinquish, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. The research was designed to serve two separate objectives. The first was to provide basic descriptive information necessary to answer the questions, "Do adolescent mothers who place their children for adoption experience more or less favorable outcomes than adolescent mothers who elect to parent their children?" and "In what respects do relinquishing adolescents fare better or worse than parenting adolescents?" To date, there is very little information regarding the subsequent experiences of adolescent mothers who elect to relinquish children for adoption. There are two primary reasons for this lack of information. First, relinquishment is an increasingly rare event; second, adoption has been traditionally a highly confidential process making it difficult or impossible to collect data from relinquishing mothers. The second objective of this research was to contribute to the literature on the consequences of adolescent fertility by drawing on the unique opportunity offered by this study to compare outcomes among adolescent mothers who share the experience of a live birth, but who differ in the relinquish versus parent decision. Since both groups of adolescents had a live birth but only one group parented the child, observed differences between the two groups can more confidently be attributed to the experience of caring for a child as an adolescent mother.

Contemporary American Family Poll, September 18-25, 1981

Investigators: Yankelovich, Skelly & White

The Contemporary American Family Poll was conducted by telephone during the week of September 18-25, 1981, by Yankelovich, Skelly, and White in order to assess attitudes regarding abortion and abortion-related issues throughout the continental U.S. Life magazine sponsored the survey. Respondents (all female) were asked about their personal perspectives regarding the legitimacy or non-legitimacy of abortion under differing circumstances, the social mores of the country, and the importance of the political process or agencies in regard to the abortion issue. Information on various socioeconomic, demographic, religious, and marital status characteristics of the respondent was also collected. The questionnaire was designed such that general questions regarding abortion preceded questions addressing any personal experiences. The Yankelovich studies are conducted periodically on a variety of topics of contemporary interest, the questionnaire format being identical (general to specific). A related DAAPPP data set (Yankelovich Life Polls, 1986, DAAPPP Data Set B3), measures attitudes and perceptions of sex education with particular emphasis on what should be discussed and at what age.

Contemporary Views on Sex Education, November 10-12, 1986

Investigators: Yankelovich, Clancy & Shulman

The Contemporary Views on Sex Education, Nov. 10-12, 1986, study was conducted by telephone during the week of November 10-12, 1986, by Yankelovich, Clancy, and Shulman in order to assess attitudes regarding sex education and related issues throughout the continental U.S. Time magazine sponsored the survey. Respondents were asked about their personal perspectives regarding the importance and ramifications of both home and school sex education for children of various ages. Information on various socioeconomic, demographic, religious, and marital status characteristics of each respondent was also collected. The questionnaire was designed such that questions regarding sex education on a general level preceded questions addressing any personal experience with children on the same issues. The Yankelovich studies are conducted periodically on a variety of topics of contemporary interest, the questionnaire format being identical (general to specific). A related DAAPPP data set (Yankelovich Life Polls, 1981, DAAPPP Data Set B2), measures attitudes and experiences regarding abortion and abortion-related issues.

Counties, 1970-1995

Investigators: U.S. Counties, 1996, Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Alan Guttmacher Institute, & National Center for Education Statistics

The primary political divisions of most States are termed "counties." In Louisiana, these divisions are known as "parishes." In Alaska, the equivalent areas are of two types: 1) the organized "boroughs" and 2) the "census areas" that were developed for general statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. Four States—Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia—have one or more incorporated places that are legally independent of any county and thus constitute primary divisions (county equivalents) of their States. Similarly, the portion of Yellowstone National Park in Montana is treated as a county equivalent. The District of Columbia has no primary divisions; the entire area is considered equivalent to a county for census purposes. This data set includes socio-economic and demographic data for all counties in the US and has 4,535 variables for 3,142 cases.

Current Population Surveys: Annual Demographic Survey (also known as March Supplement)

Investigators: United States Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics

The Current Population Surveys (CPS), sponsored jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is the nationís primary source of labor force statistics for the entire population. The CPS is the source of numerous high-profile economic statistics including the Nationís unemployment rate and provides data on the wide range of issues relating to employment and earnings. The CPS is a multistage probability sample of housing units in the United States. It produces monthly labor force and related estimates for the total U.S, civilian noninstitutional population and for various age, sex, race, and ethnic groups. The Annual Demographic Survey (ADS), also known as the March Supplement collects data on family characteristics, household composition, marital status, migration, income from all sources, information on weeks worked, time spent looking for work or on layoff from a job, occupation and industry classification of the job held longest during the year, health insurance coverage and receipt of noncash benefits. The ADS sample consists of the March CPS sample and November CPS households containing at least one person of Hispanic origin. The 2001 Annual Demographic Survey consists of 143 variables and 64,362 cases in the household data, 75 variables and 56,480 cases in the family data, and 466 variables and 128,821 cases in the person data.