Evaluation of OAPP Adolescent Pregnancy Programs: Individual Level Data I, 1981-1982

Investigators: Martha Burt

The Department of Health and Human Services funds service projects for pregnant and parenting teens, teens at risk of pregnancy, and their families and male partners. This study was designed to evaluate project implementation and the impact of project participation on clients. The data in this file and DAAPPP Data Set No. 34 come from projects' use of a voluntary case management system developed by the Urban Institute. The original data came in 20 separate files, each representing a different project. Each file differed in the number of records used for each case. To facilitate use, DAAPPP merged these files and created a large rectangular file, where each case had the same number of records. DAAPPP Data Set No. 33 contains the information from the one project (198 clients) that had up to 28 records of information per case. The data include information on client entry characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, mother and infant follow-ups, and types of services delivered. This file and the following file (DAAPPP Data Set No. 34) are individual- level data files that can be used in conjunction with DAAPPP Data Set No. 10, which contains program-level information on OAPP adolescent pregnancy programs. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Evaluation of OAPP Adolescent Pregnancy Programs: Individual Level Data II, 1981-1982

Investigators: Martha Burt

This data file includes individual-level data from 2,104 clients seen in 19 OAPP-sponsored adolescent pregnancy programs. The data include information on client entry characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, mother and infant follow-ups, and types of services delivered. This is the second of two individual-level data files that can be used in conjunction with DAAPPP Data Set No. 10, which contains program-level information on OAPP adolescent pregnancy programs. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Evaluation of Pregnancy Prevention Programs for Urban Teens, 1981-1984

Investigators: Laurie S. Zabin, Marilyn B. Hirsch, Edward A. Smith and Mark R. Emerson

This study was an evaluation of the effectiveness of a school-based program for the primary prevention of pregnancy among inner-city adolescents. The study was designed and administered by the staff of The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine's Department of Pediatrics and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The project was carried out with the cooperation of the administrators of four schools in the Baltimore school system: two junior high schools and two senior high schools. The program provided the students attending one of the junior high schools and one of the senior high schools with sexuality and contraceptive education, individual and group counseling, and medical and contraceptive services over a period of almost three school years. Students in the remaining two schools received no such services, but provided baseline and end-of-project data, and served as the control sample. An evaluation component was built into the project to assess changes in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the school populations.

Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Moxibustion on Acupuncture Point Zhiyin (67 UB) for Correction of Abnormal Presentation, 1995-1996

Investigators: Francesco Cardini, Huang Weixin

The Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Moxibustion on Acupuncture Point Zhiyin (67 UB) for Correction of Abnormal Presentation was conducted between 1995 and 1996 at two women’s hospitals in the Jiangxi Province of the People’s Republic of China. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion (burning herbs to stimulate acupuncture points) on acupuncture point Zhiyin (beside the outer corner of the fifth toenail) as a means of promoting inversion of fetuses in breech presentation, by way of increasing fetal activity. The study involved 260 women, pregnant for the first time, in the 33rd week of gestation, and with breech presentation, diagnosed by ultrasound. The pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive either one or two 30-minute moxibustion sessions per day or to receive routine care. The study was a randomized, controlled, open clinical trial that lasted two weeks. All patients were evaluated at baseline, during examinations in the 35th week, and during an after-birth appointment. Patients receiving moxibustion were also evaluated during examinations in the 34th week and if breech presentation persisted, moxibustion was administered for another week. In addition, patients monitored active fetal movements during their duration in the trial.

Fee Policies for U.S. Clinics With and Without Title X Funding, 1983-1984

Investigators: Aida Torres

This study includes data on clinic policies regarding patient fees, using as its standard what a clinic would charge a new pill patient for her first visit, plus the cost of a 3 month supply of pills. The respondents are grouped based on whether or not they receive Title X funding, with additional data providing information on how patients' incomes are verified, how fee levels are arrived at, and the number of sites covered by these policies. The survey was conducted from December 1983 to January 1984 using a questionnaire mailed to agencies originally surveyed in 1982 (separately documented as DAAPPP Data Set No. 71-72). A total of 317 out of 543 agencies responded with useful information, and responses were weighted to reflect the distribution of organized providers by type of agency.Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Fertility and Contraception Among Low-Income Child Abusing and Neglecting Mothers in Baltimore, MD, 1984-1985

Investigators: Susan J. Zuvarin

The purpose of this study was to generate information about the fertility patterns and contracepting behaviors of mothers who personally neglect their children and mothers who either physically abuse or allow someone else to physically abuse their children. Specific objectives were: To describe and compare the fertility patterns--family size, family spacing, age at first birth, number of sires per family, and number of unplanned children--of maltreating and comparable non-maltreating mothers. To describe and compare the contracepting behaviors of maltreating and comparable nonmaltreating mothers. To identify demographic, personal, and social factors associated with family inadequacy by urban, public assistance mothers and to determine if these factors differ by type of maltreatment. To recommend family planning delivery strategies that will assist maltreating mothers and other ineffective contraceptors to more adequately control their fertility.

Field Test of Values and Choices, Search Institute's Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Demonstration Project, 1985-86

Investigators: Michael J. Donahue, Peter L. Benson, and Richard J. Gordon

General AFL goals include emphasis on the importance of family involvement in the delivery of services; promotion of adolescent premarital sexual abstinence; adoption as a positive alternative to early parenting; and comprehensive health, education, and social services designed to help the mother to have a healthy baby and to improve subsequent life prospects for both infant and mother. The AFL Demonstration Program was enacted to provide local communities and institutions with workable models of prevention programs that discourage premarital adolescent sexual relations, and care programs that reduce the negative consequences of adolescent pregnancy. To develop these models, AFL authorized grants for three types of demonstrations: (1) projects which provide "care services" only (e.g., services for the provision of comprehensive services to pregnant adolescents, adolescent parents, and their families); (2) projects which provide "prevention services" only (e.g., services to promote abstinence from adolescent premarital sexual relations); and (3) projects which provide a combination of care and prevention services. The demonstration projects were multi-year projects (3-5 years), renewable annually. As of March 1988, 97 demonstration projects had been funded. Human Sexuality: Values and Choices is a 15-session, values-based, parent-involved, video-assisted school curriculum for seventh and eighth graders. The course is designed and sponsored by Search Institute, a not-for-profit research institute in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Field test sites were located in public schools in Denver, Colorado; Detroit, Michigan; Minneapolis and Grand Rapids, Minnesota; and the San Francisco Bay area of California. The curriculum began implementation in 1983 with AFL funding; the field test began in the fall of 1985 and concluded in the spring of 1986. The curriculum's goals were to decrease the intention to engage in intercourse "while I am a teenager," to instill values supporting sexual restraint in adolescence, and to increase the amount of parent-child communication concerning sexuality and its expression. Parents are invited to attend a three-session course introducing them to the curriculum and materials. Seven values were used in the curriculum as a basis for teaching about human relationships in general and sexuality in particular: (1) equality, (2) honesty, (3) respect, (4) responsibility, (5) promise-keeping, (6) self-control, and (7) social justice. A pretest/posttest/delayed posttest design with a control group was employed to assess the effectiveness of the course. A 100-item questionnaire was administered immediately before (September 1985), immediately after (November 1985), and three to four months after completion of the course (March 1986). The questionnaire was administered both to students who took the course and to students in the same school and grade who did not take it. (Control students received the course after the treatment group completed the delayed posttest.) The field test was designed to test the following hypotheses: Course participation would increase support for sexual restraint in adolescence Course participation would decrease belief that boys have stronger or more uncontrollable sex drives than girls Course participation would decrease support for the use of coercion in sexual relations Course participation would increase knowledge of human reproduction Course participation would increase frequency ocfonversations with parents concerning sexuality Course participation would increase belief that intercourse can result in getting a sexually transmitted disease Course participation would increase belief that intercourse can result in pregnancy Course participation would decrease intention to engage in sexual intercourse while a teenager Course participation would have no effect on the students' global attitude toward sexuality. The last hypothesis was included in order to examine whether a course emphasizing abstinence might result in more negative or repressed attitudes toward sexuality. Hypotheses (1) through (5) and hypothesis (9) were tested using scales constructed from two to eight items each, with internal consistencies between .54 and .86. (See Appendix B for information on how these scales are constructed.) Hypotheses (6) and (7) were tested with single items. Hypothesis (8), or behavioral intention to engage in intercourse, was tested using the indices specified by the theory of reasoned action F(tihseh bein model).

First U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES), 1971-1975

Investigators: National Center for Health Statistics

The first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I) was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics to measure the nutritional status and health of the U.S. population aged 1-74 years. For children aged 1-5 years, information on the age of the biological mother at the time of birth of the subject child is available. Thus, it is possible to differentiate children born to teenage mothers from those born to older mothers. The Archive file contains information on all 1-5 year-olds. In addition, data from children aged 6-11 are included in the file to allow comparisons with the second HANES (HANES II; forthcoming in DAAPPP), which will contain data on age of mother for all 1- 11 year-olds, and not just for 1-5 year-olds. The DAAPPP HANES I file includes data merged from the three HANES I public use files that are most relevant to studies of the health consequences for children of teen parents. The file contains all of the following information: demographic background characteristics; height and weight data; data on a series of body and skinfold measurements; results of x- rays of hand and wrist; medical examination results; medical history; and school lunch, milk, and breakfast programs data.Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.

Five-digit Zip Codes, 1970, 1980, 1990

Investigators: National Opinion Research Center

ZIP Codes are administrative units established by the United States Postal Service (USPS) for the most efficient distribution of mail, and therefore generally do not respect political or census statistical area boundaries. ZIP Codes usually do not have clearly identifiable boundaries. They often serve a continually changing area; are changed periodically to meet postal requirements, and do not cover all the land area of the United States. ZIP Codes are a possible substitute for "neighborhood" if tract, BNA, and enumeration district are not available. This data set includes socio-economic and demographic data for all ZIP codes in the US. The first data file consists of data from the 1970 Census, and has 11,957 cases and 164 variables. The second covers data from the 1980 Census, and includes 218 variables for 35,610 cases. Thid third data file covers data from the 1990 Census and includes 231 variables for 29,335 cases

Florida-Puerto Rico Study of Adolescent Pregnancy and Neonatal Behavior, 1978

Investigators: Barry M. Lester

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neonatal behavior and prenatal and perinatal risk factors in infants of adolescent and older mothers in Puerto Rico and Mainland United States. The sample included 303 newborn infants; 156 were examined in Puerto Rico, and 147 in Florida. A follow-up study was conducted with 99 participants in the Puerto Rican infant sample. These follow-up data consisted largely of various measures of infant performance. Note for users of DAAPPP Data Sets #01-B1DAAPPP data sets 01 through B1 are comprised of a User's Guide, SPSS syntax files (*.SPS or *.SPX) and raw data files only. Most of these datasets contain SPSS syntax files that use Job Control Language (JCL) from 1980s versions of SPSS-X. Because the syntax is old, the syntax files require editing to conform to the current syntax standards used by SPSS/Windows or SPSS/Unix. If you require technical assistance in using or editing these syntax files, please contact Sociometrics' Data Support Group at 800.846.3475 or socio@socio.com.