National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015

Investigators: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) series (formerly titled National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) primarily measures the prevalence and correlates of drug use in the United States. The surveys are designed to provide quarterly, as well as annual estimates. Information is provided on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among members of United States households aged 12 and older. Questions included age at first use as well as lifetime, annual, and past-month usage for the following drug classes: marijuana, cocaine (and crack), hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs, including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. The survey covered substance abuse treatment history and perceived need for treatment, and included questions from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders that allow diagnostic criteria to be applied. The survey included questions concerning treatment for both substance abuse and mental health-related disorders. Respondents were also asked about personal and family income sources and amounts, health care access and coverage, illegal activities and arrest record, problems resulting from the use of drugs, and needle-sharing. Questions introduced in previous administrations were retained in the 2015 survey, including questions asked only of respondents aged 12 to 17. These "youth experiences" items covered a variety of topics, such as neighborhood environment, illegal activities, drug use by friends, social support, extracurricular activities, exposure to substance abuse prevention and education programs, and perceived adult attitudes toward drug use and activities such as school work. Several measures focused on prevention-related themes in this section. Also retained were questions on mental health and access to care, perceived risk of using drugs, perceived availability of drugs, driving and personal behavior, and cigar smoking. Questions on the tobacco brand used most often were introduced with the 1999 survey. For the 2008 survey, adult mental health questions were added to measure symptoms of psychological distress in the worst period of distress that a person experienced in the past 30 days and suicidal ideation. In 2008, a split-sample design also was included to administer separate sets of questions (WHODAS vs. SDS) to assess impairment due to mental health problems. Beginning with the 2009 NSDUH, however, all of the adults in the sample received only the WHODAS questions. Background information includes gender, race, age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, job status, veteran status, and current household composition.

National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) 2011

Investigators: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) is an epidemiologic surveillance system established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor the prevalence of youth behaviors that most influence health. The 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is one component of the YRBS. The 2011 National Youth Behavior Risk Survey (YRBS) is a school-based survey that provides data representative of 9th through 12th grade students in public and private schools in the United States. Since 1991, the YRBS has been conducted every two years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The national YRBS is one component of a larger surveillance system called the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) that monitors six priority health-risk behaviors that contribute markedly to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States. The 2011 National YRBS data set contains 207 variables administered to 15,425 respondents. Data were collected on the following priority risk behaviors among youth including: sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection; behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; alcohol and other drug use; tobacco use; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and inadequate physical activity. The YRBS also measures the prevalence of obesity and asthma among youth and young adults.

National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 1993

Investigators:

The school-based 1993 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (1993 National YRBS) was conducted by the Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The National YRBS is one component of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), an epidemiological surveillance system that was established by (CDC) to monitor the prevalence of major risk behaviors among American youth. The 1993 National YRBS focuses on priority health-risk behaviors established during youth that result in the most significant mortality, morbidity, disability, and social problems during both youth and adulthood. These include: behaviors that result in unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that result in HIV infection, other sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) and unintended pregnancies; dietary behaviors; and physical activity. This data set contains information on 91 variables from a nationwide sample of 16,296 students in grades 9-12, who were surveyed during February through May 1993. Results from the 1993 National YRBS will be used by CDC to: (1) monitor how priority health-risk behaviors among high school students (grades 9-12) increase, decrease, or remain the same over time; (2) evaluate the impact of broad national, state, and local efforts to prevent priority health-risk behaviors; and (3) monitor progress in achieving relevant national health objectives for the year 2000. Results also will be used to help focus programs and policies for comprehensive school health education on the behaviors that contribute most to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity.

National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 1995

Investigators: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The school-based 1995 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (1995 National YRBS) was conducted by the Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The National YRBS is one component of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), an epidemiological surveillance system that was established by CDC to monitor the prevalence of major risk behaviors among American youth. The 1995 National YRBS focuses on priority health-risk behaviors established during youth that result in the most significant mortality, morbidity, disability, and social problems during both youth and adulthood. These include: behaviors that result in unintentional and intentional injuries, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors that result in HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancies, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. This data set contains information on 92 variables from the nationally representative sample of 10,904 students in grades 9-12 who were surveyed during 1995. Results from the National YRBS are used by CDC to: (1) monitor how priority health-risk behaviors among high school students (grades 9-12) increase, decrease, or remain the same over time; (2) evaluate the impact of broad national, state, and local efforts to prevent priority health-risk behaviors; and (3) monitor progress in achieving relevant national health objectives for the year 2000. Results also are used to help focus programs and policies for comprehensive school health education on the behaviors that contribute most to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity.

National Youth Victimization Prevention Survey, 1992-1994

Investigators: David Finkelhor

There were two primary goals of the National Youth Victimization Prevention Survey. The first was to derive estimates of various forms of victimization among youths. The second was to obtain childrenís assessments of the victimization prevention programs which many schools have begun offering over the past decade. Data were collected by telephone survey from 2000 randomly sampled children between the ages of 10 and 16 and their caretakers. Children were interviewed at two time points, the initial survey time and a 15 month follow-up. In addition to collecting basic demographic information, the survey asked children to recall details of victimizations personally experienced, respond to a test of knowledge about sexual victimization, recall the content of prevention programs to which they were exposed, render judgments regarding the usefulness of these programs, report on behavioral, social and psychological troubles (including offense behavior and substance abuse), and express opinions on a range of topics including the level of crime in their schools and in their neighborhoods, and the survey itself. The data consists of two files, one for each wave of data collection. The wave one file includes 2000 observations and 727 variables. The file contains all of the information obtained from the parent and child interviews administered in wave one as well as the case weights, derived variables and constructed variables. The wave two file includes 1457 observations and 897 variables. The file contains all of the information obtained from the parent and child interviews administered in wave two as well as the case weights, estimate weights, and derived and constructed variables.

National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, 1960-1993

Investigators: Kristin A. Moore and Nancy Snyder, Child Trends, Inc.

The 1960-1993 National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, Assembled by Child Trends is a compilation of secondary data on adolescent and young women's fertility in the United States. Data are provided in two separate Data Sets. The National Data File, Data Set M3, provides statistics on the number of births, non-marital births, abortions, pregnancies, and first births; rates of birth, non-marital birth, low birth weight, and infant mortality; the percentage of never-married women; and the incidence of third trimester (late) or no prenatal care. Data Set M3 contains 418 variables grouped by age range and ethnicity; the year of data collection serves as the case identification number. The State Data File, Data Set M4, provides statistics for the 50 states and Washington, DC spanning the years 1960 through 1993. Variables in the state data file include number of births, first births, non- marital births, and abortions; birth, pregnancy, and abortion rates per 1,000 women; and the number and percentage of AFDC mothers. Data Set M4 contains 480 variables organized by age range and ethnicity; the state ID code serves as the case identification number.

National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, 1960-1995

Investigators: Kristin A. Moore, Nancy Snyder, Angela Romano, and Laura Gitelson

The 1960-1995 National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, Assembled by Child Trends is a compilation of secondary data on adolescent and young women's fertility in the United States. Data are provided in two separate Data Sets. The National Data File, Data Set O8, provides statistics on the number of births, first births, non-marital births, birth rates and non-marital birth rates, abortions, pregnancies, infant mortality rates, low birth weight, the percentage of never-married women, and the incidence of third trimester (late) or no prenatal care. Data Set O8 contains 412 variables grouped by age range and ethnicity; the year of data collection serves as the case identification number (N=27). The State Data File, Data Set O9, provides statistics for the 50 states and Washington, DC spanning the years 1960 through 1995. Variables in the state data file include number of births, first births, non-marital births, and abortions; birth, pregnancy, and abortion rates per 1,000 women; and the number and percentage of AFDC mothers. Data Set O9 contains 547 variables organized by age range and ethnicity; the state ID code serves as the case identification number (N=51).

National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, Assembled by Child Trends, 1960-1988

Investigators: Kristin A. Moore & Nancy Snyder

This data set is a compilation of secondary, aggregate-level data. The intent of the original investigators was to compile in one place the most recent statistics on adolescent fertility in the United States. The national data file provides statistics for the entire nation over time, specifically, the years 1960 to 1988. The state data file provides statistics by state, including the 50 states, Washington, DC, and a "total U.S." category, spanning the years 1970 to 1987. Variables in this data set include such topics as age, race, and year; number of births; number of first births to teen mothers; number of out-of-wedlock births; number of abortions; birth rates, pregnancies, and abortions per 1,000 women; low birth weight incidence; percent of women unmarried; total number of first births; infant mortality rates; late or lack of prenatal care; and number and percent of teen mothers on AFDC.

National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, Assembled by Child Trends, 1960-1992

Investigators: Kristin A. Moore & Nancy Snyder

The 1960-1992 National and State Data Files on Adolescent Fertility, Assembled by Child Trends is a compilation of secondary data on adolescent and young women's fertility in the United States. Data are provided in two separate Data Sets. The National Data File, Data Set L8, provides statistics on the number of births, non-marital births, abortions, pregnancies, and first births; rates of birth, non-marital birth, low birth weight, and infant mortality; the percentage of never-married women; and the incidence of third trimester (late) or no prenatal care. Data Set L8 contains 418 variables grouped by age range and ethnicity; the year of data collection serves as the case identification number. The State Data File, Data Set L9, provides statistics for the 50 states and Washington, DC spanning the years 1960 through 1992. Variables in the state data file include number of births, first births, non- marital births, and abortions; birth, pregnancy, and abortion rates per 1,000 women; and the number and percentage of AFDC mothers. Data Set L9 contains 443 variables organized by age range and ethnicity; the state ID code serves as the case identification number.

Neonatal Costs of Maternal Cocaine Use: Harlem Hospital, 1985-1986

Investigators: Ciaran S. Phibbs, David A. Bateman and Rachel M.Schwartz

Investigators compared all cocaine-exposed infants born in a large, publicly funded inner-city hospital (n=355) with a random sample of non-exposed infants born in the same hospital (n=199) to examine the added neonatal cost and length of hospital stay associated with fetal cocaine exposure. Between September 1, 1985 and August 31, 1986, all newborn infants were screened by urine test for illicit substances, and medical records were reviewed for maternal histories of substance abuse. The cocaine-exposed group consisted of all single live births who were identified by either maternal history or infant urine assay. The control group was comprised of single live births for whom no drug use history was indicated by either maternal history or infant urine test. Investigators assessed a total of 129 variables. Outcome measures included the cost and length of stay for each infant until medically cleared for hospital discharge, as well as the cost and length of stay for each infant until actual discharge from the hospital. The present study examines the added newborn cost and length of hospital stay associated with prenatal exposure to cocaine. Newborn costs for cocaine-exposed infants were compared to those of a random sample of unexposed infants delivered in the same hospital during the same time period. National estimates of diagnosis related group (DRG) per diem costs of care for newborns were used to generate estimates of the costs of hospital care. Costs and lengths of stay were subdivided into those that were medically necessary and those generated by "boarder babies" (infants who are medically cleared for discharge but who remain in the hospital while awaiting social evaluation or placement in the foster care system). Data were gathered on related variables such as prenatal care, maternal smoking and alcohol use, race, gravidity, maternal age, gender of the infant, crack exposure and exposure to multiple illicit substances.